[ effect of double J stent in the treatment of renal pelvis stones larger than ten mm in the children under 13 years of age using extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy]

Background and Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of double-J stent on the treatment of renal pelvis stones larger than ten mm in the children under 13 years of age by Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy [ESWL]

Material and Methods: This double blind clinical trial included 68 children less than 13 years of age with renal pelvis stones in Tohid Hospital in Sanandaj in 2014. The patients were randomly divided into two groups, double-J stent group [34 patients] and control group [34 patients]. 2000 shock waves were given during each period to all subjects. Using SPSS version 18, data were analyzed by descriptive statistics [frequency, ratio, mean, and standard deviation]

Results: The stone sizes in the intervention and control groups were 13.76 +/- 2.62 mm 13.91 +/- 2.79 mm respectively [p=0.69]. In 58.8% of the children in the intervention group and 76.5% of the patients in the control group, right kidney was involved [p=0.12]. Frequencies of post lithotripsy sequela, including fever, hospitalization and steinstrasse, did not show any statistically significant difference between the intervention and control groups [p>0.05]. Frequencies of urinary tract infection in the intervention and control groups were 23.5% and 5.9%, respectively [p = 0.04]

Conclusion: Rate of kidney stone excretion in children with and without using stent was almost equal. Considering the problems of kidney stents and additional charges, Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy [ESWL] is recommended for the treatment of ureteral stones of 8 to 15 mm in diameter

Terbinafin 1% cream and ketoconazole 2% cream in the treatment of pityriasis versicolor: a randomized comparative clinical trial

To make a comparison between terbinafine 1% cream and ketoconazole 2% cream in the treatment of pityriasis versicolor. This randomized single blind study included 110 patients with clinical diagnosis of pityriasis versicolor and positive mycological test for Malassezia furfur. The patients were randomly assigned to two groups. Group 1 used terbinafine cream and group 2 applied ketoconazole cream on the skin lesions for two weeks. Each group consisted of 55 patients. Clinical and mycological examinations were performed at baseline, at the end of the 2[nd], 4[th] and 8[th] week of starting the treatment regimens. At the end of the 2[nd] week we achieved cure rates of 72% and 64.3% for group 1 and group 2 respectively. At the end of the 4[th] week the respective cure rates for group 1 and group 2 were 81.2% and 69%, and at the end of the 8[th] week 70.8% of the patients in group 1 and 61.9% of the patients in group 2 were cured. The results of this study showed no significant statistical differences between the two groups in regard to cure and recurrence rates. But the numbers of cured patients were higher and recurrent cases were lower in group 1

[Management of dental waste in private dental offices in Sanandaj city in 2014]

Introduction: Today, one of the most important environmental issues is dental solid wastes which have hazardous, toxic and pathogen agents and have special importance. The purpose of this study was to Evaluating the management of dental waste in private dental offices in the Sanandaj city in 2014

Methods and materials: This is a descriptive - cross sectional study. The study population is the entire private dental offices of Sanandaj. The data were collected by a questionnaire; consisted of 25 questions that were filled by visiting, interviews and observation. Finally, the results were analyzed by spss softwere version 18

Results: The results of this study showed that amount of domestic waste, infectious, chemicals and pharmaceutical and toxic were 45, 48.3, 5.7 and 1 respectively. Forty two percent of dental offices do not have a program to reduce their waste. In 80 percent of dental offices waste separation and isolation were performed. eighty six percent of dental amalgams were discharged directly into the sewer

Conclusion: Based on these results we concluded that dental waste management situation in the city of Sanandaj is not satisfactory. Therefore, training dentists and related legislation to control waste management can be an effective step

[Prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and its relation to working posture in Sanandaj hand-woven carpet weavers]

Carpet-weaving is one of the important and high risk occupations in Iran that has some ergonomic factors leading to musculoskeletal disorders. The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders [MSDs] and posture assessment by NMQ and QEC method respectively, in female carpet weavers in Sanandaj. Material and In the present cross-sectional study, 250 female carpet hand-weavers were selected randomly and interviewed. To determine the prevalence of MSDs and assessment of work postures, we used Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire [NMQ] and Quick Exposure Check [QEC] respectively. Using SPSS IBM 20 software, data were analyzed by chi-square and independent sample t-test. Prevalence of MSDs in the participants was 80.4%. The most common complaints were related to low back and shoulders with respective prevalence rates of 52 and 49.6% and the least common complaints were related to elbows and feet with prevalence rates of 20 and 26%, respectively. There was significant relationships between QEC scores and musculoskeletal symptoms prevalence rates in shoulder/arm, wrist/hand and neck [p<0.05]. Also, the relationship between the mean work background and daily work time in both groups [with MSDs and none] was significant [p<0.05]. It seems that long duration of daily work and repetitive task and maladjustment of the seat height in proportion to weaved carpet height were effective factors leading to the high prevalence of MSDS among participants which was also confirmed by posture assessment results. Timely adjustment of the seat height through designing adjustable seats and following ergonomic principles in workshops might be useful strategies to reduce prevalence of MSDs

[Scientific output of the universities in Sanandaj according to Scopus database]

At present, the most important factor of scientific productivity in the world is the number of scientific articles indexed in major international databases, and the number of citations given to these articles. Using scientometric methods, we evaluated scientific output of the universities in Sanandaj city including Kurdistan University, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences and Islamic Azad University of Sanandaj in a decade [from 2004 to 2013]. In this citation analysis study, data collection was carried out on the internet using Scopus citation database. Affiliation of each university was searched through search box of Scopus. We collected data for each university in relation to the following indices: "number of articles published in the last ten years", "number of citations given to the articles in the last ten years", "H- index" and "ten journals" which had published the highest number of articles. Data were analyzed by using "analyze results" part of the database. Three universities with 2049 documents and 9192 citations contributed to one percent of Iran scientific production. Kurdistan University had 1372 documents and 7969 citations, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences had 372 documents and 837 citations and Islamic Azad University of Sanandaj had 305 documents and 386 citations. H-indices for the three universities were 37, 14 and 9 respectively. Islamic Azad University of Sanandaj and Kurdistan University with 98 and 239 documents respectively in 2011 and Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences with 139 documents in 2013 had the highest growth in the number of articles. The ratio of total number of citations to the articles for three universities was 4.5, meaning that each article had received 4.5 citations. This ratio was 5.8 for Kurdistan University, 2.25 for Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences and 1.26 for Islamic Azad University of Sanandaj. Although science production in the universities of Sanandaj has shown an upward trend, but it is lower than the mean national science production. Attention to the potential of researchers of Kurdistan province and revision of the research policies can increase the contribution of this province to scientific productivity of our country

[Survey of celiac serology between microscopic colitis and healthy people]

Celiac, one of the most important malabsorbtion diseases caused by a reaction to gluten, results in inflammation of the small intestine and malabsorbtion. Two atypical microscopic colitis, collagenousand lymphocytic, have completely normal endoscopic appearances. Celiac disease should be excluded in all patients with lymphocytic colitis, particularly if diarrhea does not respond to conventional therapy. The objective of this study is to compare the serologic level ofanti-TTG antibody in patients with microscopic colitis who have referred to a GI sub-specialty center with the normal population in Sanandaj, Iran during 1391. This was a case control study conducted on 60 patients diagnosed with microscopic colitis who referred to SanandajTohid Clinic in 1391. Participants were chosen by census sampling. At the time of referral, demographic data was obtained and documented. Patients' blood samples were taken and IgA tissue trans-glutamate levels checked by the Elisa method. Participants with positive antibodies were considered celiac positive. The control group consisted of patients with no GI complaints [diarrhea], weight loss or anemia. Controls were matched for age and sex, and analyzed for celiac serology with the microscopic colitis group. From 60 patients with microscopic colitis [32 male, 28 female] there were 53 patients with lymphocytic colitis and 7 who had collagenous colitis. Of these, 9 [15%] lymphocytic patients were positive for celiac serology. No patients with collagenous colitis tested positive for celiac serology. From 120 healthy cases [64 male, 56 female], 3 [2.5%] were positive for celiac serology. The mean age was 35.8 +/- 13.1 years for patients with microscopic colitis and 35.1 +/- 12 years for healthy controls. Of 23 patients who underwent small intestinal biopsies, 13 [56.5%] were positive for celiac disease. The rate of positive serology tests for Celiac is higher in patients diagnosed with microscopic colitis in comparison to healthy individuals in Kordestan Province. Patients with microscopic colitis that is non-responsive to treatment should be assessed for celiac disease by antibody testing or biopsy. Patients diagnosed with celiac disease that is non-responsive to a gluten-free diet should be assessed for microscopic colitis.

Effects of cabergoline administration on uterine perfusion in women with polycystic ovary syndrome

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of Cabergoline administration on uterine blood flow in women suffering from polycystic ovary syndrome [PCOS]. This study is a randomized, controlled, triple-blind trial which is tested on 40 women who were randomly divided into two groups of 20 people and using a randomized block design during which the subjects were assessed and included. They were suffering from polycystic ovarian syndrome. Inclusion criteria were classically defined PCOS criteria including: oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea, clinical or Laboratory findings based on increase in blood level androgen [testosterone] and ultrasound confirmation of PCOS. Exclusion criteria were Pregnancy, lactation, Dopamine Agonist Therapy. After selection of intervention and placebo groups, primary control Doppler ultrasound was done for both groups. Then a weekly dose of Cabergoline 0.5 mg was administered to intervention group for duration of 12 weeks. Placebo group were administered placebo in the same fashion. At the end of 12 weeks, Doppler ultrasound was performed and the results were recorded in the check lists. No significant difference was noticed in both groups with respect to their age, employment, level of education, type of infertility, duration of marriage, and results of RI and PI before intervention. Later PCOS patients under the treatment of Cabergoline showed a significant increase in uterine blood flow Pulsatility Index [PI] before 2.65 +/- 0.52 and after 1.98 +/- 0.52 and RI before 0.85 and after intervention 0.77], yet no significant difference were found in PCOS patient under the treatment of placebo. PCOS patients were shown to have more resistance in uterine blood flow than healthy people; however, Cabergoline administration proved to increase uterine blood perfusion and regulate menstruation cycle

Effect of colporrhaphy on the sexual dysfunction of women with pelvic organ prolapsed

To evaluate the effect of colporrhaphy on sexual problems of women with pelvic organ prolapseis. Sixty patients with pelvic organ prolapse [cystocele - rectocele] in a quasi-experimental study before and after treatment were included. Presence of pelvic organ prolapseis was assessed by examination in the lithotomy position. Degree of prolapse was determined according to Pelvic organ Prolapse Quantification [POPQ]. Their degree of prolapse was marked from 1 to 3 then was colporrhaphy performed. Follow up of patients for sexual satisfaction was performed three and six months after surgery by telephone and interviews. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 15, the McNamara test, T-test, absolute and relative frequency, mean and standard deviation. In sixty [60] women who were studied the mean and standard deviation of pregnancy and delivery rate were 4.4 +/- 2.2 and 4 +/- 2.1 respectively. About 65% of patients were over 35 years of age, 88.3% of women had the history of vaginal delivery and 10% of them had both the history of vaginal delivery and cesarean section. Score of sexual desire abstaining from sex and orgasm due to vaginal bulge before, 3 months and 6 months after colporrhaphy was significant [p=0.0001], but of sexual arousal scores there was no differences between each other. Mean of sexual satisfaction before operation was 30.75 +/- 5.70 and three months after operation it was 33.77 +/- 4.24 and six months after operation 36.03 +/- 3.5 which according to T-Test there was significant [p=0.0001]. Sexual desire, orgasm and sexual satisfaction increased after colporrhaphy, frequency of intercourse and sexual arousal remains unchanged. It appears that colporrhaphy reduce symptoms associated with prolapse which is leading to sexual dissatisfaction and improved sexual satisfaction

[Effect of electromagnutic field of mobile phones on blood pressure, heart rate and arythmia]

Eleetromagnutic field of cell Phones may affect the biological systems. This study was done to evaluate the effect of electromagnutic field of mobile phones on blood pressure, heart rate and arytmia on students of Kurdistan University of Medical Science, in West of Iran. In a randomized, double-blind clinical Trial, 56 young healthy volunteers with 20-30 years age were divided in two groups: expousure [n=27] and control [n=29]. Cell phone was kept in front of the heart. Non functional cell phone was used in the control group. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate and basic ECG were recorded. The Parameters were recorded in stage one [before sot on cell phone], stage two [the first 5 minutes], stage three [6minutes,with silent ringing], stage four [after 17min conection] and stage five [after 35 min conection]. In all Stages, it was evaluated by cardiac monitoring [Lead 2] for the presence of [sinus arryhthmia, sinus bradycardia, SA block, AV block, PAC and PVC]. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate did not show to have any significant differences between two groups in any stages. Rate of sinus arryhthmia was higher in expousure group at stages four and five, but only in stage four, this difference was shown to be significant [P<0.05]. The findings of this study showed that, electromagnetic of cellular phone cause sinus arryhthmia after 17 minute connection, to prevent the side effect of cell phone, we suggest that, cell phone set distant away from heart and reduce the connection time